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Wisteria-Blüte in Kameido, Japan.
(Übersetzt aus dem Englischen)
Von der Heian-Periode (794-1185) bis zur Kamakura-Periode (1192-1333) war die Schönheit der Glyzinienblüte vor dem Hintergrund grüner Kiefern, die mit ihnen verflochten waren, der Maßstab der Wertschätzung.
Der Fuji (wissenschaftlicher Name: Wisteria floribunda, auch Nodafuji genannt) ist eine in Japan endemische Laubbaumart aus der Gattung Fuji (Fabaceae). Ein anderer Name für diese Pflanze ist Noda fuji (Noda wisteria), der sich von dem Namen eines Ortes im Dorf Noda in der Provinz Settsu (heute Osaka City) ableitet. Das Dorf Noda war ein berühmter Ort für Fuji-Bäume, so dass es hieß, es gebe „Kirschblüten in Yoshino, Ahornbäume in Takao und Glyzinien in Noda“. Er ist auch unter anderen lokalen Namen bekannt, wie Tsurufuji, Fujiduru und Hanafuji. Während der Blütezeit sind „Glyzinienspaliere“ Gegenstand der Wertschätzung.
Es gibt keine gesicherte Theorie über den Ursprung des japanischen Namens fuji, aber eine Theorie besagt, dass er ursprünglich ‚fuji‘ genannt und ausgesprochen wurde, was ‚wegblasend‘ bedeutet, weil die Blüten bei jedem Windstoß verstreut werden. Das chinesische Schriftzeichen für „Glyzinie“ wurde in Japan ursprünglich als Abkürzung für die chinesische Art Sinafuji verwendet, die in China ursprünglich als Murasaki-fuji geschrieben wurde. Das chinesische Schriftzeichen für Glyzinie selbst ist touhon, was sich auf eine rebenartige, holzige Pflanze bezieht.
Josiah Conder beschreibt die Wistaria als die erste beliebte Sommerblume, die in japanischen Gärten gefeiert wurde
Tafel III.
Blauregen (Wisteria) Blüte in Kameido, Japan. DIE BLUMEN VON JAPAN UND DIE KUNST DES BLUMENARRANGEMENTS.
SOMMERBLUMEN. WISTERIA BLÜTE IN KAMEIDO von Josiah ConderDIE erste populäre Blume des Sommers, die auf öffentlichen Plätzen die Vergnügungssuchenden anlockt, ist die Wistaria, die im Mai blüht, kurz nachdem die Kirschblüte gefallen ist. Diese robuste, blühende Schlingpflanze wird an großen Spalieren gezüchtet, die in Vergnügungsparks und Gärten lange Wege, Brücken oder Laubengänge bedecken. Ein beliebter Standort ist der einer offenen Galerie, die über einen See oder einen Bach hinausragt. Auf dem Gelände des beliebten Tempels von Kameido in Tokio, in der Nähe der berühmten Pflaumenbäume, stehen Wistarias von prächtiger Größe, deren Blüten in üppigen violetten Büscheln von zwei bis drei Fuß Länge hängen.
Breite rustikale Galerien, die mit Gartenkiosken verbunden sind, erstrecken sich über einen künstlichen See, der mit riesigen Goldfischen besetzt ist, und die Wisteria-Spaliere bilden eine ausgedehnte Überdachung. Man glaubt, dass diese Blume große Größe und Schönheit erlangt, wenn ihre Wurzeln mit dem Reiswein des Landes genährt werden, und in Kameido gibt es einen Baum, der besonders schöne Blüten hervorbringt und an dessen Fuß die Besucher ihre Weinbecher zu leeren gewohnt sind. In verschiedenen Teilen Japans gibt es weitere schöne Exemplare, die mehr als einen Meter lange Büschel tragen, darunter einen Baum in Noda in der Provinz Settsu, der Shitose oder Baum der tausend Jahre genannt wird.
Die violett blühende Wisteria ist die häufigste und am meisten geschätzte und steht höher als die weiße Art. Dies ist eine Ausnahme von der vorherrschenden Sitte, die bei Blüten der gleichen Art Weiß vor anderen Farben stellt und insbesondere violette Blüten als mit Trauer verbunden und für glückliche Anlässe ungeeignet verbietet. In verschiedenen Entwürfen wird der Fasan in Kombination mit der violetten Wisteria gezeigt.
(Fuji) Japanische Glyzinie. Wisteria floribunda FUJI. [Die Wistaria] von Alexander Francis Otto.
Könnte man sich in die berühmten Wistaria-Lauben der Kameido-Tempel versetzen lassen und dort die Massen zarter, violetter Wistaria-Büschel betrachten, so wäre es kaum verwunderlich, dass diese eindrucksvollste aller fernöstlichen Blumen ein Sinnbild der Jugend und des Frühlings ist; denn von allen Seiten umgeben von einer so prächtigen Flora der Natur kommen einem Gedanken an den frohen Morgen des Lebens mit seiner beschwingten Liebe und seinem Glück in den Sinn.
Wenn Künstler den Kuckuck liebevoll mit der Wistaria koppeln, bedeutet dies das Herannahen des Sommers, da die volle Blüte im Mai erreicht wird; die violette Wistaria wird oft vom Fasan begleitet, wobei die violette Blüte mehr verehrt wird als die weiße, obwohl beide in der japanischen Dekoration häufig zu sehen sind.
Die Blume wird von allen Bevölkerungsschichten hoch geschätzt, und im April und Mai finden sich die Menschen in den Gärten zu fröhlichen Festen ein, trinken Reiswein und schreiben hübsch formulierte Verse zu Ehren der Wistaria oder zum Lob des Frühlings. Die Verse werden an den knospenden Büscheln befestigt, wobei der Charakter der Entwicklung der Blüten als Vorzeichen für das Gute oder Böse in ihrem zukünftigen Eheleben angesehen wird: ein schöner und romantischer Brauch, der ganz typisch für die kuriose und faszinierende Volkskunde Japans ist.
Quelle:
The floral art of Japan: being a second and revised edition of the flowers of Japan and the art of floral arrangement by Josiah Conder (1852-1920). TOKIO: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY THE HAKUBUNSHA, GINZA; ALSO BY KELLY AND WALSH, LIMITED YOKOHAMA, SHANGHAI, HONGKONG, AND SINGAPORE. London : SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, & COMPANY, Limited, ST. DUNSTAN’S HOUSE, FETTER LANE, E.C. 1892. Mythologisches Japan: Die Symbolik der Mythologie in Bezug auf die japanische Kunst; von Alexander Francis Otto und Theodore S. Holbrook, mit Illustrationen, die in Japan von einheimischen Künstlern gezeichnet wurden. Philadelphia: Drexel Biddle, 1902.
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world4.info 2024-01-23 13:45:10 2024-01-23 13:45:10 Wisteria-Blüte in Kameido, Japan.
Vasen und Flasche aus Kaga-Keramik, Japan. Japanische Tänzerinnen in Haltung und Gestik. Nach oben scrollen
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