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Kleidung des Adels unter Ludwig XIV. von 1646 bis 1670.
Frankreich 17. Jahrhundert. Kleidung des Adels. Abbildungen oben: 1 2 3 4 5
Abbildungen unten: 6 7 8
TRACHTEN DES ADELS; 1646-1670. DIE KÖNIGE DER MODE. FRANKREICH. 17. JAHRHUNDERT.
Nr. 1 und 5. Edelleute vom Gefolge von Renée du Bec, Marschallin von Guebriant, Nr. 2. Page derselben Dame. Nr. 3. Renée du Bec-Crespin, Marschallin von Guébriant. Nr. 4. Anna Budes, Fräulein von Guébriaut. Nr. 6 u. 8. Ludwig XIV., 1660 und 1670. Nr. 7. Maria Theresia von Österreich, seine Gemahlin 1660. Zwanzig Jahre, nachdem Roger de Saint-Lary, Herzog von Bellegarde, Grossstallmeister von Frankreich (Grand Ecuyer de France), Monsieur le Grand, wie man ihn nannte, den Ton am Hofe angegeben hatte, trat Montauron und nach ihm Candale die Herrschaft im Reich der Mode an. Seit 1648 dagegen übten die politischen Ereignisse einen bestimmenden Einfluss aus, man trug sich à la Fronde, à la paille, au papier. Von den männlichen Kostümen unserer Tafel gehören 1, 2 und 5 noch dem Regime Montauron an; Nr. 6 fällt unter die Herrschaft Candale’s,
Nr. 1. Hoher, kegelförmiger Hut mit abgestumpfter Spitze und schmaler Krempe, Goldschnur und herabfallenden Federn. Kleiner umgeschlagener Kragen. Kurzes Wams, das in der Höhe des Gürtels einen Streifen des Hemdes sehen lässt. Geschlitzte Ärmel und doppelt gefältelte, durch ein schwarzes Samtband zusammengehaltene Manschetten. Kurze Hosen, am Gürtel und unten mit Schleifenreihen, galants , verziert. Strümpfe von englischer Seide. Kurzer Mantel, wie gewöhnlich, über dem Arm drapiert.
Durch ein Edikt vom Jahr 1644 waren die Spitzen verboten. Für den Besatz der Fussbekleidung umging man dieses Verbot, indem man ihr einen neuen Namen gab. Die „Kanonen „, zuerst eingeführt unter Karl IX., erhielten unter Ludwig XIII. eine andere Gestalt. Sie wurden unterhalb der Wade breit umgeschlagen und mit einer doppelten oder dreifachen Fraise von Battist, holländischer Leinwand und Genueser Spitzen besetzt. Der lange Fuss war an der Spitze abgestumpft, der Absatz hoch und rot gefärbt. Dazu trug man Sporen von massivem Silber, deren Form möglichst oft wechselte.
Nr. 5. Kostüm von ähnlichem Schnitt. Mantel mit Ärmeln, auf beiden Schultern ruhend. Nähte und Wehrgehänge reich mit Gold gestickt.
Nr. 2. Die grègues im Schnitt des 16. Jahrhunderts blieben für die Tracht der Pagen in der Mode. Sie waren so eng, dass für sie die Bezeichnung culottes in Aufnahme kam. Der obere Teil derselben wurde gepufft und mit den Schleifen der galants garniert. Ein reiches Bandelier, seidene Strümpfe, zierliche Stiefel und der auf einer Schulter getragene Mantel vollendeten das Kostüm.
Die Mode der langen Haare wurde beibehalten. nachdem man sie 1645 zu Ehren der Schweden eine Zeit lang kurz geschoren hatte. Den Schnurrbart trug man à coquill. Man kräuselte ihn an den Spitzen mit Hilfe eines kleinen Instruments, das man nach dem spanischen bigotera bigotère nannte.
Nr. 3 u. 4. Die Marschallin von Guébriant und ihre Nichte. Der tiefe Ausschnitt der Robe ist mit einem umgeschlagenen, pelerinenartigen Kragen bedeckt, dem Anna von Österreich zuerst einen Spitzenbesatz hinzufügte.
Frau von Guébriant ist hier 1646, also drei Jahre nach dem Tode ihres Mannes, noch immer in Witwentrauer dargestellt. Am Halse trägt sie ein grosses Kreuz and am Gürtel eine Uhr. Der Besatz besteht in einer einfachen seidenen Bauernspitze, gueuse genannt, mit der man höchstens ein wenig Jet oder echte und unechte Perlen kombinierte. Das Kostüm des Fräulein von Guébriant unterscbeidet sich von dem ihrer Tante nur durch die Farben und die Verbrämung.
Nr. 6 u. 8. Ludwig XIV. 1660 und 1670.
Die auffallendste Neuerung an diesem Kostüm sind die unterrockartigen Hosen, von einem Rheingrafen Salm in Frankreich eingeführt und nach ihm rhingrave genannt. Sie gingen in senkrechten Falten bis zum Knie herab und waren dort mit dem Futter durch eine Schnur befestigt. Das Wams wird nicht nur übermässig verkürzt, so dass das Hemd um die Taille herum sichtbar wird, sondern verliert auch den grösseren Teil seiner Ärmel, die weit oberhalb des Ellenbogens enden.
Anstatt seines natürlichen Haares nahm Ludwig XIV. erst 1673 die Perücke an. Er vergrösserte den Halskragen und verband mit demselben eine Kravate mit herabhängenden Enden. Das gepuffte Hemd wurde zum spitzenbesetzten Jabot. Eine Unzahl von Schleifen und Spitzen diente auch zur Verzierung des ganzen Kostüms bis zu den Schuhen hinunter, die allmählich an Stelle der Kanonen traten. Die Schaftumschläge der Letzteren ersetzten lange an den Strumpfbändern befestigte Spitzenmanschetten. 1660 ist Ludwig XIV. ohne Degen dargestellt, aber schon 1670 trug man denselben wieder an einem breiten gestickten und fransenbesetzten Bandelier.
Das Kostüm von 1660 steht in seiner Einfachheit noch unter dem Einfluss Mazarins und seiner Luxusgesetze. 1664 wurde die Erlaubnis zum Gebrauch von Brokatstoffen und Spitzen von einem besonderen, vom König zu verleihenden Patent abhängig gemacht. Nur die Prinzen waren von demselben ausgenommen.
Nr. 7. Maria Theresia von Österreich, 1660. Geschlossenes, stark dekolletiertes Mieder, der Ausschnitt mit Linon oder Gaze besetzt und von einem reichen Halsband umschlungen. Kurze ÄrmeL, aus denen sich durch Schleifen zweifach geteilte Leinenpuffe bis auf die Hälfte des Unterarmes hinunterziehen. Die Verzierung besteht aus galants oder faveurs , einer Art Bandschleifen, die den Rand des in eine Schleppe auslaufenden manteau. bedecken. Auf der Höhe des Scheitels befindet sich ebenfalls eine solche Schleife.
Maria Theresia hatte eine Vorliebe für Schmuckgegenstände, die aus Perlen und Rubinen zusammengestellt waren, und wusste sie verschwenderisch, aber mit viel Geschmack anzubringen.
Figuren aus der Sammlung von Gaignères, im Kupferstichkabinett der Nationalbibliothek in Paris. Vgl. M. Quicherat, Histoire du costume en France.
Quelle: Geschichte des Kostüms in chronologischer Entwicklung von Albert Charles Auguste Racinet. Bearbeitet von Adolf Rosenberg. Berlin 1888.
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world4.info 2018-08-05 20:21:43 2018-08-05 20:21:43 Kleidung des Adels unter Ludwig XIV. von 1646 bis 1670.
Nonnen. Trachten religiöser Orden im 19. Jahrhundert. HOF- UND STAATSTRACHTEN. FRANKREICH 17. JAHRHUNDERT. Nach oben scrollen
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